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Ворота Палван-Дарваза

Palvan-Darwaza — east gate of the Khivan citadel Ichang-Kala. Were constructed in 1804 — 1806 and carried the name "Slave" as near them there took place trade in slaves in the people. Historical data demonstrate that the slave trade always prospered in this region. Especially the Turkmen tribes using at attacks of advantage of the unsurpassed racers were famous for kidnapping.

Name etymology
Gate are called in honor of the local poet, and the invincible fighter from the simple people, Palvan Mahmoud who began to be esteemed by a feast over time, that is the patron saint of the city. «Athlete» means Palvan. On the place of its grave behind Dzhum Mecheti the most majestic mausoleum in the city is built. Besides gate, in honor of Palvan Mahmoud the main channel-aryk of the city feeding Khiva with water — "Palvan-yab" is called.
Architecture
The facade of gate is issued in the form of the arch portal with which from the West on the East towards the city tries to keep step "will give a heap" (stone the street, blocked by a chain of six domes. In side arches of a corridor shops, on two in everyone are placed. At an entrance, from outside Ichang-Kala, there is an inscription "Shakhri Hiva" (city of Hiva), letters are located so that it is possible to read date of construction — 1221, that is 1806. It is the oldest part of the building, which connects to Anush khan bath. Construction of gate was finished by the Alla-sacks-khan in 1835. To the right of gate at the exit from Ichang-Kala till 1873 was slave, a market, and in niches of gate runaway slaves and rebels waited for a sentence. Hansky decrees were here too announced and punishments over criminals were made. From here and national names of these gate: "Pashshab darvaza" (Execution gate), "Cool Darwaz" (Slave gate). Size: in the plan: 51,76×17,5 m, big domes — 5,2 m in the diameter; two small domes — 4,5 m; benches — 2,8×4,4 m.

Poet Athlete
The glorified athlete Palvan Mahmoud was also famous and loved in the people poet. It is called, "the Khorezm Omar Khayyam". It is considered that he is an author more than 300 rubaa, traditional east quatrains of love and philosophical contents in which Palvan Mahmoud glorified mortal life with all her sorrows and pleasures and also derided clergy. The Khivan adherents of belief decided "to tame" posthumously the freethinker, having declared him the Saint.

On an extent of more than 700 years Palvan Mahmoud's grave is the place of religious worship. In 1960 on walls of a tomb found its quatrains, surprising on force, which were earlier accepted to excerpts from the Koran or other religious compositions. Verses of Palvan Mahmoud writing under Piryar-Valya's pseudonym except those that were found on tomb walls did not remain

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